Animal welfare focuses on humane treatment, allowing animal use (food, research) while ensuring, at minimum, compliance with standards like the "Five Freedoms" (freedom from hunger, discomfort, pain, fear, and the ability to express normal behaviors). Key regulations include the U.S. Animal Welfare Act and the UK’s Animal Welfare Act 2006.

: Focuses on the physical and emotional conditions of animals, ensuring they are treated humanely. This is often measured by the Five Freedoms (freedom from hunger, discomfort, pain, fear, and freedom to express normal behavior).