: Subtle shifts in temperament can signal acute or chronic diseases. For example, increased reactivity or aggression in dogs can often be traced to occult pain, such as osteoarthritis or dental issues.
The synergy between behavior and veterinary science extends far beyond domestic pets. Zooskool.com
The integration of (ethology) and veterinary science has evolved from an observational hobby into a sophisticated medical specialty known as Veterinary Behavioral Medicine (VBM) . This field is now recognized as a critical "standard of care" globally, with dedicated specialty colleges in North America (ACVB), Europe (ECAWBM), and beyond. 1. Foundations of Animal Behavior : Subtle shifts in temperament can signal acute