: The offender performs all acts of execution, but the crime is not produced due to causes independent of their will.
The RPC was enacted as Act No. 3815 (revised in 1930) and remains the primary penal statute in the Philippines, supplemented by later laws and jurisprudence. Book One contains:
Binding on all persons living or sojourning in Philippine territory.
Book 1 focuses on the general principles of criminal law rather than specific crimes.
Overall, the Revised Penal Code Book 1 by Luis Reyes (14th edition) is a valuable resource for anyone interested in Philippine criminal law. Its clear explanations, comprehensive coverage, and updated jurisprudence make it an essential tool for law students, practitioners, and judges.