Similarly, a cat that stops using the litter box and urinates on the bed is often dismissed as “spiteful.” Yet, underlying this behavioral problem may be feline idiopathic cystitis, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. provides the tools to find the lesion; animal behavior provides the context to ask the right question.

(ethology) focuses on how organisms interact with their environment and others, veterinary science

Veterinary behavioral medicine is a recognized specialty that treats behavior cases with a medical approach, involving extensive histories, physical exams, and structured treatment plans.